The Government of Sri Lanka

The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a free, independent and sovereign state which is governed by a presidential system introduced under the constitution of 1978. The President is the head of state and the head of government and is elected by the people for a term of six years. The executive power of the state is vested with the President and is assisted by the Cabinet of Ministers whom are in charge of different subject matters important to development and the economy of the country. Legislative power is exercised by the Parliament, which consists of 225 members, is elected by people on a proportional representation basis. The provincial councils which are elected by people are the governing body at provincial level and local authorities are responsible for administrating the urban areas and the “Pradeshiya Sabha” areas. There is a well-established judicial system which is independent of the executive and the legislature to solve disputes and make jurisdiction on various legal issues arising day to day life of citizens.

In common with many democracies, the Sri Lankan government has three branches:

Executive: The President of Sri Lanka is the head of state, the commander in chief of the armed forces; head of government, and is popularly elected for a five-year term. The President heads the cabinet and appoints ministers from elected members of parliament. The president is immune from legal proceedings while in office with respect to any acts done or omitted to be done by him or her in either an official or private capacity. Following passage of the 19th amendment to the constitution in 2015, the President has two terms, which previously stood at no term limit.

Legislative: The Parliament of Sri Lanka is a unicameral 225-member legislature with 196 members elected in multi-seat constituencies and 29 elected by proportional representation. Members are elected by universal suffrage based on proportional representation system for a five-year term. The president may summon, suspend, or end a legislative session and dissolve Parliament any time after four and a half years. The parliament reserves the power to make all law. The president's deputy, the Prime Minister, leads the ruling party in parliament and shares many executive responsibilities, mainly in domestic affairs.

Judicial: Sri Lanka's judiciary consists of a Supreme Court – the highest and final superior court of record, a Court of Appeal, High Courts and a number of subordinate courts. The highly complex legal system reflects diverse cultural influences. Criminal law is based almost entirely on British law. Basic Civil law derives from Roman law and Dutch law. Laws pertaining to marriage, divorce, and inheritance are communal. Due to ancient customary practices and/or religion, the Sinhala customary law (Kandyan law), the Thesavalamai, and Sharia law are followed in special cases. The President appoints judges to the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, and the High Courts. A judicial service commission, composed of the Chief Justice and two Supreme Court judges, appoints, transfers, and dismisses lower court judges.

Learn more about the Government of Sri Lanka at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka#Government
https://www.gov.lk/

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